TAHNIAH ASSOC. PROF. DR. HAREYANI BINTI ZABIDI TAJAAN PETRONAS RESEARCH SDN BHD

This study focuses on the 3D modelling of groundwater and slope stability in rare earth element (REE) mining which addresses critical environmental and geological challenges. The background emphasizes that REEs are essential for high-tech gadgets and green technologies but also points out serious environmental issues related to their mining. The extraction of rare earth elements (REEs) in Malaysia presents unique geological and environmental challenges that differ from those faced by other countries. Malaysia's diverse geological formations, characterized by granites, volcanic rocks, and sedimentary deposits, contain REE deposits primarily associated with ion-adsorption clays. The specific environmental challenges in Malaysia include managing the impact on local water resources and preventing contamination, necessitating advanced methods to avoid ecological damage. Furthermore, Malaysia's evolving regulatory framework aims to balance economic benefits with environmental protection, adding another layer of complexity to REE extraction. Therefore, there is a critical need for comprehensive research and advanced 3D modelling of groundwater flow and slope stability to address these unique challenges and ensure sustainable REE mining in Malaysia. To address this, the study employs a methodology, beginning with an extensive literature review and site selection, followed by detailed field investigations involving soil and water sampling, and hydrological studies. Advanced 3D modelling techniques are used to simulate groundwater flow and slope stability before, during, and after in-situ leaching (ISL) mining operations. The objectives are to establish baseline environmental data, assess the immediate and long-term impacts of ISL, and propose sustainable monitoring frameworks. This research is significant as it aims to develop effective mitigation measures and standardized protocols for environmental monitoring, offering valuable insights into sustainable mining practices. Notably, it represents the first study in Malaysia to utilize an integrated and systematic approach to environmental monitoring in REE mining, addressing the inconsistencies in data collection methods and providing a comprehensive framework for effective environmental management.